All you need to know about hemorrhoids treatment

 Hemorrhoids are one of the common problems in men and women. Hemorrhoids are often treated at home, but some cases require surgical intervention to remove the hemorrhoid in Turkey.

Learn in this article everything you need to know about hemorrhoids.

What are hemorrhoids?

Hemorrhoids are venous expansions located around the anus and the lower part of the rectum, so they are sometimes called “rectal and anal varicose veins.” With the continued expansion of the walls of these blood vessels, they become thin and rapidly irritable (especially during defecation).

Types of hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoids are divided into two parts according to the location of the dilated veins:

• Internal hemorrhoids: They form inside the rectum to the anal rim. This type of hemorrhoid can bleed, but is usually painless.
• External hemorrhoids: They form near the anus and are covered with sensitive skin. They are usually painless unless a blood clot forms inside it or has expanded greatly, and it may bleed sometimes.

Classification of internal hemorrhoids

Internal hemorrhoids are classified according to their size into four grades:

Category	the description
first degree	The hemorrhoid remains in the rectum and does not prolapse during defecation
Second degree	The hemorrhoid prolapses from the anus during defecation and then returns spontaneously
third degree	The hemorrhoid prolapses from the anus during defecation and then returns with the finger
fourth degree	The hemorrhoid remains prolapsed all the time and cannot be manually repositioned

Hemorrhoids causes and risk factors

The problem of hemorrhoids is very common and can affect all ages, genders and races, and the incidence of it increases with age, as symptoms of hemorrhoids are encountered in about 50% of people over the age of fifty.

Hemorrhoids can appear in teenagers, but they are rare in children because they take time to form. Factors that increase the risk of developing hemorrhoids include:

• Having a family history (a family member having hemorrhoids)
• Low-fiber diet
• Homosexual relations

Since the blood in the lower section of the rectum flows upward, any factor that raises pressure in this area may cause blood stasis and lead to the expansion of the veins. Among the factors that raise pressure in the lower section of the rectum:

• Straining (pressing) forcefully during defecation
• Chronic constipation or chronic diarrhea
• Sitting on the toilet for a long time
• Frequently carrying heavy objects
• Obesity and overweight
• pregnancy; As the developing uterus puts pressure on the veins

Hemorrhoid symptoms

Symptoms and signs of hemorrhoids vary, depending on their type:

internal hemorrhoids

Internal hemorrhoids are located inside the rectum, so the patient is not able to see and detect them easily, in addition, they usually do not cause any pain and cannot be felt due to the lack of sensory nerve endings in the area.

Internal hemorrhoids can be detected by seeing red blood in the stool or on toilet paper after defecation. Hemorrhoids are one of the most common causes of rectal bleeding.

Tissue from inside the rectum can also hang out from the anus (protruding or prolapsed hemorrhoids) and this causes pain and irritation when defecating.

External hemorrhoids

External hemorrhoids are located around the anus from the outside, so detection is easier than internal hemorrhoids, and because they are covered with skin rich in sensory endings, they are characterized by clear symptoms such as:

• Itching and irritation in the anal area
• A hard, painful lump near the anus
• Anal pain (especially when sitting)
• Bleeding (less common than internal hemorrhoids)

When should you see a doctor

Hemorrhoids are rarely serious, but you should visit a doctor when symptoms do not improve after a full week of home treatment and when you see blood in the stool, as digestive bleeding must be evaluated, whatever the cause, so as not to worsen the situation and cause serious problems.

Hemorrhoidal complications

The complications of hemorrhoids are rare, but it must be ensured that they are not present in any patient with hemorrhoids, and these complications include:

• Anemia; Chronic blood loss due to frequent rectal bleeding from hemorrhoids may cause anemia in the patient.
• sepsis; Some external hemorrhoids ulcerate and become infected.
• Thrombosed hemorrhoid; This happens in an external hemorrhoid when blood clots form in it, often resulting in severe pain, swelling, inflammation, itching and a hard lump near the anus.
• skin nudity; It occurs when the blood clots in a thrombosed hemorrhoid dissolve, leaving skin folds prone to irritation.
• strangulated hemorrhoid; This occurs when the muscles of the anus press on the prolapsed hemorrhoid, interrupting the blood flow in the hemorrhoid and causing severe pain to the patient.

Diagnosis of hemorrhoids in Turkey

The doctor may be able to diagnose external hemorrhoids just by meditating (especially when blood clots form in the hemorrhoid), but the diagnosis of hemorrhoids depends mainly on the clinical history and clinical examination, and this includes examining the anal canal and rectum by:

• Anal touch: Wearing gloves and using a lubricant, the examiner inserts his index finger into the rectum to palpate the anal canal and rectum and look for any scar, mass or varicose vein.
• Visual examination: Internal hemorrhoids may be too soft to be felt during anal touch, so we resort to endoscopic techniques to detect internal hemorrhoids using special tools such as an anoscope, proctoscope, or sigmoidoscope.

The doctor may also examine the entire colon through colonoscopy to investigate colorectal cancer Depending on the patient's symptoms and risk factors.

The difference between hemorrhoids and anal fissure

Hemorrhoids and anal fissures are similar in symptoms, including itching, pain, and bleeding, but differ in how they form. While hemorrhoids are caused by dilated veins near the anus, the anal fissure It results from a tear in the anal rim.

The doctor can easily distinguish between the two conditions through direct visual examination or using special tools, he will Bimaristan Medical Center By guiding you to the best centers specialized in providing the optimal treatment for your condition.

Hemorrhoids treatment methods in Turkey

There are many methods that can treat the problem of hemorrhoids and remove them permanently hemorrhoidectomySome of them can be done at home, and some need to go to a specialized medical clinic. The following are ways to treat internal and external hemorrhoids:

Hemorrhoids treatment at home

Hemorrhoids can improve spontaneously without surgery. You can start using some over-the-counter medications and make lifestyle changes.

Here are some tips that can help you relieve pain and irritation at home:

• Be sure to eat foods rich in fiber, such as fruits, vegetables, and grains of various kinds, because this will increase the volume and softness of the stool, so you do not need to strain hard when defecation, thus reducing the pressure on the hemorrhoids and avoiding the occurrence of expansion, bleeding or inflammation of the hemorrhoids. studies Fiber helps improve symptoms, but try to start introducing fiber into your diet gradually to avoid flatulence and gas.
• Drink more water daily to avoid hard stools and aid recovery.
• Immerse the hemorrhoidal area with warm water by sitting in a sitz bath for 10-20 minutes after each bowel movement or two or three times a day. This will help relieve anal sphincter spasm, itching and irritation (it is not necessary to buy special tubs, you can sit in a regular bathtub). or bathtubs immersed in warm water to a depth of 3 inches (approximately 8 cm).

Try placing cold compresses or ice cubes on the hemorrhoid area and applying pressure to it for several minutes. A cold compress may help reduce the swelling of anal hemorrhoids.

Apply over-the-counter topical medications to irritated hemorrhoids, such as lubricants or ointments containing lidocaine or hydrocortisone, or witch hazel bandages, which are natural anti-inflammatories that reduce swelling and itching.

You can take any oral pain reliever such as paracetamol, ibuprofen or aspirin to relieve the symptoms of anal hemorrhoids.

Thrombosed external hemorrhoidectomy

It is a procedure intended for the treatment of external hemorrhoids, as if a clot has formed in the external hemorrhoid, the doctor will remove it through an incision to drain the clot under local anesthesia, which gives you quick relief, preferably within 72 hours of the formation of the blood clot.

How to treat hemorrhoids without surgery in Turkey

It is resorted to when the hemorrhoid continues to bleed or causes pain to the patient, knowing that these treatments are done in the doctor's office and do not usually require anesthesia:

rubber band ligation

It is the most widely used procedure in treating hemorrhoids in Turkey, where the doctor places one or two ligaments around the base of the internal hemorrhoid through a special tool to cut off its blood supply, which leads to the hemorrhoid dying, shrinking and falling spontaneously within a week.

Rare complications of this procedure include moderate pain, infection, and bleeding that may begin after 2-4 days and is rarely severe.

Sclerotherapy

It is also called injection hemorrhoid treatment and is used only to treat non-bulging internal hemorrhoids by injecting a chemical solution into the enlarged vein which causes the hemorrhoid to shrink. This method causes no significant pain but is less effective than rubber band ligation.

coagulation (Hemorrhoids laser treatment) coagulation

In this technique, laser, infrared, or heat is used to coagulate small, bleeding internal hemorrhoids and make them shrink and harden.

Surgical treatment of hemorrhoids in Turkey

If home measures are not sufficient to treat hemorrhoids, or the hemorrhoids are large, the doctor will resort to surgical treatment of hemorrhoids through one of the following methods:

hemorrhoidectomy

The doctor surgically removes hemorrhoids in cases of hemorrhoids that are protruding, external hemorrhoids that cause persistent symptoms, or internal hemorrhoids that reappear after being tied with a rubber band.

This procedure is done under local, lumbar or general anesthesia, and it is considered the final and most effective treatment for stubborn hemorrhoids problem. Pain after the operation is described as potential pain and can be relieved with oral pain relievers.

Patients may go home the same day or the next day, but recovery and return to work may take 7-10 days.

hemorrhoid stapling beads

This technique is considered an alternative to hemorrhoidectomy, which is less painful, and allows the patient to return to his daily life faster. It is called “stapeled hemorrhoidopexy.”

This method is used to treat bleeding or prolapsed internal hemorrhoids, and it is performed under general or local anesthesia through a bead tool that cuts off the blood supply from the hemorrhoid and fixes it in its natural place.

One of the disadvantages of this process is that it is associated with a high recurrence rate studies To the superiority of the traditional hemorrhoidectomy over the process of fixing hemorrhoids with beads in preventing recurrence.

Hemorrhoids prevention

You can prevent hemorrhoids as you age by following these tips:

• Don't hold in the stool for too long. Go to the toilet immediately when you feel the urge to defecate.
• Do not sit for long periods of time on the toilet and do not strain hard when defecation.
• Eat foods rich in fiber and drink adequate amounts of water daily.
• Maintain physical and physical activity as this helps to have a bowel movement.
• It is advised not to use laxatives or enemas that stimulate bowel movement without medical advice.